| Chinese - traditional | English |
|---|---|
| 概念化 | Conceptualization |
| 科研想法；總體研究目標和目的的製定或迭代。 | Ideas; formulation or evolution of overarching research goals and aims. |
| 資料庋用 | Data Curation |
| 註釋（生成元資料）、清洗資料和維護研究資料（包括用於資料解讀的必要性軟體代碼）的管理活動，以便初步使用和後續重復使用。 | Management activities to annotate (produce metadata), scrub data and maintain research data (including software code, where it is necessary for interpreting the data itself) for initial use and later re-use. |
| 正式分析 | Formal Analysis |
| 應用統計學、數學、計算機或其他正式技術來分析或綜合研究資料。 | Application of statistical, mathematical, computational, or other formal techniques to analyse or synthesize study data. |
| 基金獲取 | Funding Acquisition |
| 为本研究企劃爭取基金支持 | Acquisition of the financial support for the project leading to this publication. |
| 做研究 | Investigation |
| 開展研究和探索過程，特別是開展實驗或資料/證據蒐集。 | Conducting a research and investigation process, specifically performing the experiments, or data/evidence collection. |
| 方法學 | Methodology |
| 開發或設計方法；構建模型。 | Development or design of methodology; creation of models. |
| 專案管理 | Project Administration |
| 管理和協調研究活動的規劃和執行。 | Management and coordination responsibility for the research activity planning and execution. |
| 資源供給 | Resources |
| 提供研究材料、試劑、材料、患者、實驗室樣本、動物、儀器、計算資源或其它分析工具。 | Provision of study materials, reagents, materials, patients, laboratory samples, animals, instrumentation, computing resources, or other analysis tools. |
| 軟體 | Software |
| 編程、軟體開發；設計計算機程式；植入計算機代碼和支持算法；測試現有代碼組件。 | Programming, software development; designing computer programs; implementation of the computer code and supporting algorithms; testing of existing code components. |
| 指導 | Supervision |
| 指導和領導研究活動的規劃和執行，包括對核心團隊的外部指導。 | Oversight and leadership responsibility for the research activity planning and execution, including mentorship external to the core team. |
| 驗證 | Validation |
| 對成果/實驗成果 (無論是作為獨立的研究活動還是其中一部分) 和其他研究成果的整體復製/再現性進行核查。 | Verification, whether as a part of the activity or separate, of the overall replication/reproducibility of results/experiments and other research outputs. |
| 可視化 | Visualization |
| 準備、創建和/或展示已發表的出版作品，特別是可視化/資料展示。 | Preparation, creation and/or presentation of the published work, specifically visualization/data presentation. |
| 撰寫 - 原始草稿 | Writing – Original Draft Preparation |
| 準備、創作和/或介紹出版作品，特別是撰寫初稿（包括實質性翻譯）。 | Preparation, creation and/or presentation of the published work, specifically writing the initial draft (including substantive translation). |
| 撰寫 - 評論和編輯 | Writing – Review & Editing |
| 原研究小組成員對現有工作的關鍵審閱、評述或修訂（包括出版前及出版後的階段）。 | Preparation, creation and/or presentation of the published work by those from the original research group, specifically critical review, commentary or revision – including pre- or post-publication stages. |
Translators
Yefeng Yang, Wawa Yu, Alex O. Holcombe
JSON Metadata
https://github.com/contributorshipcollaboration/credit-translation/blob/main/translations/tc.json
License
CC-BY 4.0 Yefeng Yang, Wawa Yu, Alex O. Holcombe, Brand, Allen, Altman, Hlava, & Scott
Translation Procedure
Yefeng did the forward-translation and Wawa did the back-translation. Then, Wawa (and Alex, who doesn’t know Chinese) looked through it comparing the original to the back translation and using their own judgment, made small changes and finalized the translation.