| Chinese - simplified | English |
|---|---|
| 概念化 | Conceptualization |
| 科研想法；总体研究目标和目的的制定或迭代。 | Ideas; formulation or evolution of overarching research goals and aims. |
| 数据管理 | Data Curation |
| 注释（生成元数据）、清洗数据和维护研究数据（包括用于数据解读的必要性软件代码）的管理活动，以便初步使用和后续重复使用。 | Management activities to annotate (produce metadata), scrub data and maintain research data (including software code, where it is necessary for interpreting the data itself) for initial use and later re-use. |
| 正式分析 | Formal Analysis |
| 应用统计学、数学、计算机或其他正式技术来分析或综合研究数据。 | Application of statistical, mathematical, computational, or other formal techniques to analyse or synthesize study data. |
| 基金获取 | Funding Acquisition |
| 为本項目爭取基金支持。 | Acquisition of the financial support for the project leading to this publication. |
| 做研究 | Investigation |
| 开展研究和探索过程，特别是开展实验或数据/证据收集。 | Conducting a research and investigation process, specifically performing the experiments, or data/evidence collection. |
| 方法学 | Methodology |
| 开发或设计方法；构建模型。 | Development or design of methodology; creation of models. |
| 项目管理 | Project Administration |
| 管理和协调研究活动的规划和执行。 | Management and coordination responsibility for the research activity planning and execution. |
| 资源供给 | Resources |
| 提供研究材料、试剂、材料、患者、实验室样本、动物、仪器、计算资源或其他分析工具。 | Provision of study materials, reagents, materials, patients, laboratory samples, animals, instrumentation, computing resources, or other analysis tools. |
| 软件 | Software |
| 编程、软件开发；设计计算机程序；植入计算机代码和支持算法；测试现有代码组件。 | Programming, software development; designing computer programs; implementation of the computer code and supporting algorithms; testing of existing code components. |
| 指导 | Supervision |
| 指导和领导研究活动的规划和执行，包括对核心团队的外部指导。 | Oversight and leadership responsibility for the research activity planning and execution, including mentorship external to the core team. |
| 验证 | Validation |
| 对成果/实验成果 (无论是作为独立的研究活动还是其中一部分) 和其他研究成果的整体复制/再现性进行核查。 | Verification, whether as a part of the activity or separate, of the overall replication/reproducibility of results/experiments and other research outputs. |
| 可视化 | Visualization |
| 准备、创建和/或展示已发表的出版作品，特别是可视化/数据展示。 | Preparation, creation and/or presentation of the published work, specifically visualization/data presentation. |
| 撰写 - 原始草稿 | Writing – Original Draft Preparation |
| 准备、创作和/或介绍出版作品，特别是撰写初稿（包括实质性翻译）。 | Preparation, creation and/or presentation of the published work, specifically writing the initial draft (including substantive translation). |
| 撰写 - 评论和编辑 | Writing – Review & Editing |
| 原研究小组成员对现有工作的关键审阅、评述或修订（包括出版前及出版后的阶段）。 | Preparation, creation and/or presentation of the published work by those from the original research group, specifically critical review, commentary or revision – including pre- or post-publication stages. |
Translators
Yefeng Yang, Wawa Yu, Alex O. Holcombe
JSON Metadata
https://github.com/contributorshipcollaboration/credit-translation/blob/main/translations/cn.json
License
CC-BY 4.0 Yefeng Yang, Wawa Yu, Alex O. Holcombe, Brand, Allen, Altman, Hlava, & Scott
Translation Procedure
Yefeng did the forward-translation and Wawa did the back-translation. Then, Wawa (and Alex, who doesn’t know Chinese) looked through it comparing the original to the back translation and using their own judgment, made small changes and finalized the translation.